Water electrolysis using plate electrodes in an electrode-paralleled non-uniform magnetic field

Compared with other ways to produce hydrogen, water electrolysis is the best way to obtain ultra-pure hydrogen, but its low energy efficiency greatly limits its wide application. It was proved that external magnetic field can reduce energy consumption, thereby increase electrolysis efficiency. Most of the researchers are focused on the impact of uniform magnetic field but few on a non-uniform one. To address the industrial operation reality, in our work, water electrolysis was operated using alkaline solution and plate electrodes in a non-uniform Magnetic field. The results show that a rotational flow on the vertical plane was formed by Lorentz force within the entire cell range. Although the entrainment effect of rotating flow made the cell full of microbubbles, the cell voltage was still reduced. By measuring the voltage difference of cathode side and anode side, we think that the bubble layer in the vicinity of the electrode surface matters the most among the sources of electric resistance. And the velocity distribution near the electrode was measured by PIV, it reveals that MHD flow is the dominant effect on the flow field of the cell. The results show that non-uniform magnetic field has potential merit in industrial electrolysis process.     

新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝构件受力的简化计算方法

针对常见泥石流防治结构被冲击破坏的问题，基于“柔性消能”理念，结合张弦梁结构和竖向预应力锚杆技术，提出一种既能改善结构受力性能、增加结构整体抗冲击能力、保证结构安全可靠，又能减小结构构件截面尺寸、节约成本、便于现场施工组装和后期运营维护的新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝，并阐述其技术原理。根据泥石流荷载分布和新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的受力特征，给出其简化的内力计算方法；并利用SAP2000建立新结构有限元模型，分析了结构的整体受力，验证了构件简化计算方法的合理性；结合Python语言和Qt De? signer软件开发了相应的设计计算软件，对新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的内力进行求解。结果表明：提出的新结构抗冲击性能好，构件受力均匀；以后设计中应关注竖杆的剪切脆性破坏和立柱偏心受力情况，保证结构安全；变形协调仅使底层张弦梁与竖杆内力偏大，实际工程应用时，应着重验算底层构件，防止其破坏；文中提出的简化计算方法能较准确的反映结构的受力特性，具有一定的合理性，研究可为新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的设计计算和推广应用提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Numerical study of entropy generation in Darcy-Forchheimer (D-F) Bödewadt flow of CNTs

Three-dimensional Bödewadt flow (fluid rotates at a large enough distance from the stationary plate) of carbon nanomaterial is examined. Single walled and multi walled CNTs are dissolved in water and gasoline oil baseliquids. Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium is considered. Stationary disk is further stretched linearly in radial direction. Heat transfer effect is examined in presence of radiation and convection. Effect of viscous dissipation is accounted. Entropy generation rate is studied. By using adequate transformation (von Kármán relations), the flow field equations (PDEs) are transmitted into ODEs. Solutions to these ODEs are constructed via implementation of shooting method (bvp4c). In addition to Entropy generation rate, Bejan number, heat transfer rate (Nusselt number), skin friction and temperature of fluid are examined through involved physical parameters. Axial component of velocity intensifies with increment in nanoparticles volume fraction and ratio of stretching rate to angular velocity parameter while it decays with higher porosity parameter. Higher nanoparticles volume fraction and porosity parameter lead to decay in radial as well as tangential component of velocity. However it enhances with higher ratio of stretching rate to angular velocity parameter. Temperature of fluid directly varies with higher ratio of stretching rate to angular velocity parameter, radiation parameter, Eckert number, Biot number and nanoparticles volume fraction. Rate of Entropy generation is reduced with higher estimations of porosity parameter, nanoparticles volume fraction and radiation parameter. Skin friction coefficient decays with higher porosity parameter and ratio of stretching rate to angular velocity parameter. Intensification in porosity parameter, nanoparticles volume fraction and Biot number leads to higher Nusselt number. Prominent impact is shown by multiple-walled CNTs with gasoline oil basefluid than single-walled CNTs with water basefluid.     

映秀湾电站水轮机转轮沙水流动数值模拟

为了研究映秀湾水电站水轮机内部沙水流动特性,对水轮机进行沙水流动数值模拟,分析水轮机转轮部分沙水流动情况。研究结果表明,转轮内叶片进水边及出水边靠下环处是泥沙分布的主要区域。研究结果对水轮机泥沙磨损的研究具有指导意义。     

γ射线法测量高压管束间气液两相流的截面含气率分布

在立式蒸汽发生器垂直管束间的气液两相流中，截面含气率是其中一个重要参数。使用γ射线法对高温高压下垂直管束间气液两相流截面含气率的分布规律进行了实验研究。实验压力分别为5、7、9 MPa，质量流速为300 kg/(m²?s)，热力学干度的范围为0.003 ~ 0.4。实验得到了垂直管束间截面含气率随热力学干度、体积含气率和压力的变化关系；并与经典公式的计算结果对比发现，在低干度区域，实验结果与Miropolskii模型、Smith模型和Armand模型偏差较大，均大于30%，在高干度区域偏差较小；基于Armand理论，通过多元线性回归法拟合出本文工况下平均截面含气率的计算关联式，与日本核动力工程公司(NUPEC)的实验数据偏差小于15%。本研究对蒸汽发生器的结构设计和流动特性研究具有重要意义。     

Numerical Simulation of Sterilization Processes for Shear‐Thinning Food in Taylor‐Couette Flow Systems

The performance of the Taylor‐Couette flow apparatus as a heat sterilizer is numerically investigated. The destruction of Clostridium botulinum and thiamine (vitamin B1) was selected as model reaction. When Taylor vortices were formed in the annular space, the heat transfer significantly enhanced as compared to the case without vortex flow. As a result, the equivalent lethality calculated from the temperature field increased, which is regarded as a quantum leap. Conversely, the improvement of heat transfer induced destruction of thiamine. These results suggest that there is a trade‐off relationship between the enhancement of heat transfer and the avoidance of thermal destruction of nutritional components. In conclusion, the Taylor‐Couette flow sterilizer has the potential for process intensification in heat sterilization processes.     

Quaternäre Metall/Metalloxid‐Katalysatoren als Wandkatalysatoren in Mikroreaktoren für Power‐to‐Gas‐Applikationen mittels kombinatorischer Hochdurchsatzmethoden

Catalysts of quaternary composition have been prepared and tested for the Sabatier process. For catalyst syntheses the following techniques have been used: sol‐gel methods, wet impregnation and incipient wetness impregnation. The Sabatier reaction was carried out at temperatures between 520 K and 670 K, pressures of 15 bar and 30 bar using a mixture H₂:CO₂ of 4:1. Activity screening of the microscale wall catalysts was performed by a custom‐built 10‐fold parallel gas‐flow microreactor setup in sequential operating mode. To analyze the gas phase compositions GC‐FID was used.     

Yoghurt‐type beverage with partial substitution of milk by a chickpea extract: Effect on physicochemical and flow properties

The objective of this study was to determine the evolution of physicochemical and flow properties of a yoghurt‐type beverage partially replaced with a chickpea extract over a period of 22 days. From two chickpea extracts, Blanco Noroeste was selected for its higher protein content. Six yoghurt‐type formulations were prepared, stored at 4 °C and analysed on days 1, 8, 15 and 22. pH was 4.24–4.75, while brightness was 81.7–94.5. Flow properties of the yoghurt‐type exhibited a non‐Newtonian behaviour. From three formulations that underwent sensory evaluation, the 30:70 mix obtained the highest acceptation. This yoghurt‐type beverage exhibited characteristics similar to natural yoghurt.